Utility economics focuses on measuring the satisfaction individuals derive from consuming goods and services, termed "utility." It analyzes how consumer preferences influence decision-making, considering factors such as likes, dislikes, and individual tastes. Additionally, utility economics examines the budget constraints individuals face, reflecting the trade-offs between different goods and services given their income and prices. It also explores the concept of marginal utility, which is the additional satisfaction gained from consuming one more unit of a good or service, and how it diminishes as consumption increases. Through optimization, consumers aim to allocate their limited resources in a way that maximizes their overall satisfaction, considering the marginal utility of goods and services in relation to their prices. Finally, utility economics extends to welfare analysis, evaluating the well-being of individuals or society based on their utility levels and assessing policies' impact on utility and welfare.